芙蓉出水
/fúróng-chūshuǐ/
Lotus Rising Out of Water
美丽的荷花从水中生长出来。形容清新、淡雅、自然之美,与“错彩镂金”的修饰之美构成对比。魏晋六朝时崇尚自然,与这种审美理想一致,在艺术创作方面,人们欣赏像“芙蓉出水”一般的天然清新的风格,注重主观意趣的自然呈现,反对过分雕琢修饰。
Theterm of lotus rising out of water describes a scene of freshness,quiet refinement and natural beauty, in contrast to“gilded and colored”embellishments. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, people valued nature and favored this aesthetic view. In their artistic creations,they pursued the natural and fresh style like lotus rising out of water. They sought natural presentation of their ideas and were opposed to excessive ornamentation.
引例 Citations:
◎谢诗如芙蓉出水,颜如错彩镂金。(钟嵘《诗品》卷中)
(谢灵运的诗清新自然,像荷花出水;颜延之的诗歌修饰雕琢,像涂绘彩色、雕镂金银。)
Xie Lingyun’s poems are natural and refreshing like lotus rising out of water, whereas Yan Yanzhi’s poems are elegantly embellished, like gilding an object and adding colors to it. (Zhong Rong: The CritiqueofPoetry)
◎清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰。(李白《经乱离后天恩流夜郎忆旧游书怀赠江夏韦太守良宰》)
(从清水中生长出的荷花,自然天成没有雕饰。)
It is like a lotus rising out of clear water: natural and without em⁃bellishment. (Li Bai: To Wei Liangzai,the Governor of Jiangxia,Written While Thinking of My Friends on My Way into Exile at Yelang Following the War)
错彩镂金
/cuòcǎi-lòujīn/
Gilded and Colored
涂饰彩色,雕镂金银。形容艺术作品雕饰华美。用于文学作品,主要指诗歌辞藻华丽,讲究技巧。在审美境界上,“错彩镂金”不如“芙蓉出水”高妙:“错彩镂金”注重外在形态,处于审美表象阶段;而“芙蓉出水”超越表象,直达本体,是审美意趣的自然呈现。
Theterm is used to describe an excessively exquisite artistic work as if it were an object painted in bright colors and inlaid with gold and silver. In the literary context, it refers to poems written in a highly rhetorical style. Aesthetically, what is“gilded and colored”is considered undesirable, and the style of“lotus rising out of water”is preferred.The former focuses only on external form and appearance, whereas the latter, as a natural presentation of aesthetic ideas, penetrates appearances and brings out the essence.
引例 Citations:
◎延之尝问鲍照己与灵运优劣,照曰:“谢五言如初发芙蓉,自然可爱;君诗若铺锦列绣,亦雕缋(huì)满眼。”(《南史·颜延之传》)
(颜延之曾经询问鲍照,自己的作品和谢灵运的作品相比哪个更好,鲍照说:“谢灵运的五言诗像刚出水的荷花,自然可爱;您的诗像铺开的锦绣,满眼都是雕饰彩绘。”)
Yan Yanzhi asked Bao Zhao,“Whose works are better, mine or Xie Lingyun’s?”Bao said,“Xie’s five-word-to-a-line poems are as natural and lovely as lotus having just risen out of water in bloom,while yours are like embroidery embellished with colored decorations.”(The HistoryoftheSouthernDynasties)
◎丹漆不文,白玉不雕,宝珠不饰,何也? 质有余者,不受饰也。(刘向《说苑·反质》)
(红色的漆不需要花纹,纯白的玉不需要雕琢,珍贵的明珠不用装饰,为什么呢? 本身已非常完美的东西,无需再装饰。)
Red lacquer needs no decorated patterns, white jade needs no carving, and precious pearls need no adornment. Why? Because they are too good to be worked on. (Liu Xiang: GardenofStories)